David Whitney (2005)
Motion distorts perceived position without awareness of motion.
Curr Biol 15(9):R324-6.
A number of striking illusions show that visual motion influences perceived position; in all of these, the perceived shift is accompanied or preceded by a visible and salient motion signal. Observers can easily scrutinize the motion: they can attentively track, or at least perceive via inference, the moving features. With position shifts that accompany the motion aftereffect (MAE), for example, observers can attentively track the moving adaptation stimulus. Even if the shifted test pattern does not display any perceived motion, the moving adaptation stimulus is clearly visible, and it could be the visibility of the adaptation stimulus that causes the perceived shift in the test stimulus position. If awareness of motion, mediated by high-level or top-down mechanisms, explains all motion-induced position shifts, then there should be no shift in perceived position without the perception of directional motion. Here, we show that perceived position can be shifted even without awareness of motion.
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